Sunday, February 23, 2020

Constitutional law of the european union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Constitutional law of the european union - Essay Example This effect is obtainable only to the extent of divergence between national law and Community law2. A vertical direct effect enables a party to invoke a Directive against a state for non implementation of a Directive. Horizontal direct effect, involves the invocation of a non implemented Directive against a private entity3. The jurisdiction of the ECJ extends over the actions brought by the ECB and the Court of Auditors, if conditions similar to those stipulated above, are in existence. Moreover, a legal or individual entity, placed in a similar situation, can initiate action to oppose a decision that affects that entity directly and individually4. As such, a Member State commits a serious breach by not implementing a Directive. In Dillenkofer v. Germany, the ECJ ruled that a Member State that failed to adopt measures, which would have realized the aims of a Directive, was guilty of deliberate and serious disregard of EC Law. The victim of such non implementation of a Directive was to be recompensed for the damage sustained by him, provided such loss could be directly attributed to the non implementation5. Plaumann v. Commission related to a decision, which disallowed Germany to reduce import duty on clementines. This decision was challenged by Plaumann, who contended that he was put to considerable loss due to this decision. The ECJ interpreted the test of individual concern to connote, whether Plaumann was harmed by the decision, due to his membership of a group that was affected by this decision or in his individual capacity. This Court opined that Plaumann was merely a member of the class of clementine importers, and that any person could acquire that status. Therefore, his contention was not accepted by the ECJ6. The UK government failed to implement the fictitious Directive 2006/2001, which related to chemical ABC. Fattenem took advantage of this situation and produced this chemical to such an

Friday, February 7, 2020

Marketing, Management Project ( Introduction) Essay

Marketing, Management Project ( Introduction) - Essay Example The presence of other car manufacturers such as Toyota and Tata Motors has made the Asian vehicle market difficult to reach (Lewis, 2011). However, the use of social media in creating product awareness gives Mercedes Benz more opportunities to get in Asian countries, especially in China (Huang, 2014). The importance of global social media channels such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube among other national or regional social networks has attracted more attention from product promoters and marketers (Harris, 2014). For a long time, Mercedes Benz has relied on social media channels to reach areas with high presence of technology. Mercedes has significantly used the Chinese leading social media networks; Qzone, Tencent Weibo and Sina Weibo in efforts to reach its target market. This means that the interaction and discussion of its brand and products is very high in social networks (Lewis, 2012). The use of social media channels in product awareness and interaction with both customers has increased in the last two years. Company marketers and public relation officers have set out to understand the real benefits from the use of social media by organization in communicating with their customers. While social media channels may not be as effective as television, newspapers or print media, Sandoval (2014, p. 46) notes that the personal relationship created by these channels improves the confidence of the customers. Mercedes Benz and other firms using social media have widely used the channels to connect with their customers concerning the quality of products and solution to any problems raised by customers (Barker et al, 2012). According to Lewis (2012), most potential customers spend more time online seeking clarification and information on products or services they are interested in. Customers use this important brand information in making their buying decisions (Lardi and Fuchs, 2013). Therefore, the type of information